During the period from April through the first 12-13 days of June 2009, very few regions - the Philippines, and central Brazil - experienced more than normal rainfall with below normal temperatures. On the other hand, regions such as northern India, many parts of China, Mongolia, Korea, and Japan in Asia, equatorial Americas, Mexico and portions of western US in North America, Chile, Argentina and southern Brazil etc. in South America, Mediterranean and adjoining northwest Europe, and tropical eastern Africa experienced below normal rainfall with above normal temperature conditions. Parts of Australia experienced below normal rainfall conditions, but with predominantly colder-than-normal signatures. Anomalously warm temperatures seen in eastern Canada during April changed signs by May. The dipolar anomalous temperatures from Alaska to Canada seem to be strengthening in June.

Weak but above normal sea surface temperatures are developing in the eastern tropical Pacific. Positive sea surface height anomalies have been recorded in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean in recent days.

The APCC forecast for July-September 2009 indicates slightly below normal rainfall and temperature signals in the southeastern Australian continent; New Zealand also may expect cooler than normal conditions. On the other hand, the Pacific islands such as Papua New Guinea may experience near to above normal rainfall. Below normal rainfall with slightly above normal temperatures are predicted for a region covering the southern Indian subcontinent through mainland south Asia and Philippines, to southeastern China. Slightly below normal rainfall conditions are predicted for southernmost portions of the Japanese archipelago.

Midlatitude and subtropical North America may experience slightly cooler than normal temperatures. Northern Mexico can expect above normal rainfall. Peru and Brazil are expected to receive above normal rainfall. However, while the region covering Peru and Western Brazil will see below normal temperatures, eastern Brazil may see slightly above normal temperatures. North Chile and northern Argentina will see anomalously positive temperatures, while some regions further south may experience above normal rainfall.

Above (below) normal (rainfall) temperatures are predicted for northern and northwestern Europe. Many regions from Mozambique to southern Somalia in East Africa can expect to see above normal temperatures with near to slightly above normal rainfall in some places.

Many dynamic predictions from around the globe suggest the likely occurrence of an El Nino in the boreal fall of 2009; on the other hand, some statistical models indicate the likelihood of a near neutral tropical Pacific. A few recent dynamic predictions also hint a possibility of a weak positive Indian Ocean Dipole occurring during the same period. However, the subsurface conditions in the tropical Indian Ocean do not attest to this, at least as of now. Further, the historical lead prediction skills for the IOD events are relatively low as compared to those for the El Nino and La Nina events. Nonetheless, given the potential impacts the events may have if they materialize, the evolving conditions in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans in the next few months merit careful attention.